# Linux 入门
# Mac安装VMware Fusion
VMware Fusion下载 (opens new window)
![image-20230726154854643](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154854643.png)
需要获取激活码,网上搜索即可。
双击开始安装
![image-20230726153749642](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726153749642.png)
点击打开
![image-20230726153830408](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726153830408.png)
输入密码开始安装
![image-20230726153848151](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726153848151.png)
# 安装虚拟机
直接拖入映像文件有时候安装不成功,先创建自定义虚拟机,点击继续。
![image-20230726154208006](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154208006.png)
选择Linux系统。CentOS 7为稳定版本,建议选择这个。
![image-20230726154305648](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154305648.png)
不用设置,点击继续
![image-20230726154413067](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154413067.png)
不用设置,点击继续
![image-20230726154545991](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154545991.png)
先不用设置,点击完成。
![image-20230726154645137](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154645137.png)
点击存储。
![image-20230726154725315](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154725315.png)
点击好。
![image-20230726154745550](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726154745550.png)
虚拟机创建好后会显示以下信息,因为还未安装操作系统。
![image-20230726155533427](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726155533427.png)
先关闭虚拟机。
![image-20230726155946185](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726155946185.png)
# 安装操作系统
下载CentOS 7 映像文件 (opens new window)
![image-20230726155350190](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726155350190.png)
点击虚拟机设置并选择CD/DVD
![image-20230726160121373](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160121373.png)
勾选连接CD/DVD驱动器
![image-20230726160218400](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160218400.png)
点击下拉选择光盘映像
![image-20230726160333309](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160333309.png)
选择自己之前下载好的CentOS 7 映像
![image-20230726160443298](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160443298.png)
点击设置并选择硬盘。
![image-20230726162008686](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162008686.png)
将磁盘大小改为64G,为什么要改64G,因为怕后期多开导致内存不够用。
![image-20230726161928740](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726161928740.png)
重新启动虚拟机
![image-20230726160708407](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160708407.png)
键盘上下键进行选择,白色字代表当前项,向上选中 Install CentOS,然后按回车键开始安装。
![image-20230726160807258](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726160807258.png)
选择English直接下一步。
![image-20230726161030552](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726161030552.png)
点击DATE & TIME,选择时区,并点击DONE。
![image-20230726161135256](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726161135256.png)
![image-20230726161203984](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726161203984.png)
选择硬盘分区。
![image-20230726161431269](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726161431269.png)
勾选 I will configure partitioning。
![image-20230726162444801](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162444801.png)
点击加号按钮。
![image-20230726162547923](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162547923.png)
新建第一个引导分区。
![image-20230726162644410](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162644410.png)
新建第二个swap分区,一般为运行内存的2倍。
![image-20230726162747340](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162747340.png)
新建第三个分区。
![image-20230726162907917](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162907917.png)
建完后如图,点击DONE。
![image-20230726162943751](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726162943751.png)
点击Accept Changes。
![image-20230726163030655](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726163030655.png)
点击Network & HOSTNAME。
![image-20230726163802535](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726163802535.png)
修改主机名为CentOS 7,并点击Apply,然后点击DONE。
![image-20230726163734958](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726163734958.png)
改完以上配置之后,点击开始安装。
![image-20230726163859133](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726163859133.png)
设置ROOT用户密码。
![image-20230726163942790](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726163942790.png)
![image-20230726164010747](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726164010747.png)
安装完成点击Reboot。
![image-20230726164857242](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726164857242.png)
输入用户名和密码。
![image-20230726165052410](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726165052410.png)
# 配置虚拟机网络
点击设置,并选择网络。
![image-20230726165842432](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726165842432.png)
![image-20230726165933842](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726165933842.png)
点击解锁,并输入密码。
![image-20230726170015758](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726170015758.png)
按下图配置并点击应用。
![image-20230726170444364](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726170444364.png)
输入以下命令修改网络配置。
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
![image-20230726193512500](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726193512500.png)
输入以下命令查看IP地址。
ip addr
![image-20230726193821448](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726193821448.png)
此时ping一下网络。
ping www.google.com
![image-20230726195000583](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726195000583.png)
输入以下命令重启网络。
systemctl restart network.service
再次输入ip addr
查看如下。
![image-20230726195136698](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726195136698.png)
再次ping一下网络,已经有网络了。
![image-20230726195235263](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230726195235263.png)
# 防火墙配置
常用命令。
systemctl status firewalld // 查看防火墙状态
// 本次开机状态下防火墙关闭
systemctl stop firewalld // (本次服务内关闭防火墙)
// 服务器重启后防火墙禁用
systemctl disable firewalld(禁用防火墙服务)
# 虚拟机软件安装限制
操作系统对未知软件的安装有可能拒绝或者警告,我们需要禁用这个功能。
vi /etc/selinux/config
![image-20230727193623487](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230727193623487.png)
# 关机
halt -p (centos6 为halt ) 直接拔掉电源
poweroff 直接关闭机器,但是有可能当前虚拟机其他人在使用
shutdown -h now 马上关闭计算机 ,但是可以给其他用户发送消息
reboot 重启虚拟机
# 修改hostname
vi /etc/hostname
hostname 你的新hostname
ll
exit
# 使用mac终端连接虚拟机
ssh root@192.168.36.100 // ssh 账户名@服务器IP地址
![image-20230727202319927](/Users/mac/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20230727202319927.png)